6 large well-known in the history of scientific fraud
Mysterious N-rays – the most strong liar
German physicist Roentgen discovered X-ray, a lot of scientists want to become the second Roentgen. Professor of Physics University of Nancy, France Brownlow was an outstanding physicist, because of his achievements in the field of electromagnetism, was elected Fellow of the French Academy of Sciences, Communication and the Academy Award twice. In 1903, the study of polarized X-ray situation, he claimed that an unknown observation to a new ray, called N-rays, to commemorate his tenure the university.
However, Germany, English physicist who could not duplicate Brownlow discovery, can not help but feel puzzled. The fraud was eventually exposed the United States a well-known physicist Robert Wood.
Think there is literature to the outside world at Wood announced the results of these experiments, Brownlow will be discredited, and even crazy to die. Brownlow has been a matter of fact live up to in 1930 at the age of 81-year-old.
Fraud can be exposed to age, whether or not such a liar it strong enough?
Peel when people – the most successful swindler
Peel the history of science when the people are one of the most famous hoax, at nearly a hundred years after the truth of it is still not completely clear.
From the beginning in 1912, the Piltdown gravel layer there have been some half-man half-ape’s skull, teeth and stone tools, such as, the famous paleontologist of the British Museum of Natural History, Smith Woodward, head of geology and so on will be named “Dawson Akebono people. ” If so, will be the evolution from ape to human crucial evidence.
However, 40 years after being exposed in this scam. It turned out that the so-called Piltdown mandible of people, only approximately 5 years of age, the skull is about 500 years ago, modern skull, canine chimpanzees are, but are carefully concocted in order to look old.
However, the carefully planned scam mastermind who has no specific conclusion. It seems this scam is in place to plan!
Sokal case – the most funny liar
New York University to the well-known quantum physicist Journal of Cultural Studies, “Social Text” to submit an article entitled “Beyond the boundaries: Towards quantum gravity to explain the form of the super-study” of the thesis, the common-sense errors actually be able to muddle through, and finally published in academic journals is a great satire. This is caused by vibration in the academic community, “Sokal case.”
It turned out that the 20th century, after the mid-70s, and questioned the value of science and technology has been continuously deepened, Sokal on the post-modern anti-scientific thought was shocked and disturbed by flooding, he decided to write this article. Element in the article is full of scientific and cultural research survey of the most absurd errors, such as its recourse to the authority rather than the logic of argumentation, evidence, scientific theory applied indiscriminately and wantonly attack the scientific method and so on.
This article was a nonsense by the “social text” appreciation of the editorial board, saying it was “very interesting article.”
Schoenfeld false – the most fast-growing liar
In 2002, Bell Labs Jane Schoenfeld Hendrik system was found to have forged a large number of significant experimental results, which emboldened the field of biology more than any false case, the scientific community is considered one of the biggest scandals. Schoenfeld because organic molecules can become with the characteristics of high-temperature superconductor, but also put the transistor into a single organic molecules. At the same time, the paper Schoenfeld extremely alarming speed, about three years time, he participated in more than 90 published papers, particularly in 2001 with amazing speed, there is an average of 8 days there is a paper signed by him.
However, Schoenfeld did not someone be able to find the duplicate, and ultimately the investigation at Bell Labs, he was found false. September 2002, Schoenfeld was expelled from the Bell Labs. But even his doctorate in June 2004 has also been removed University of Konstanz.
From Nobel Prize-winning possible to have hope, Schoenfeld is a path of no return, from the scientific community because there is no safe place for him. Just a few years, put an end to life, why!
Mead cheated? – The most gullible crook
Margaret Mead (1901 ~ 1978) when he dies, are the most famous American anthropologist, is the most influential public intellectuals of one. In 1925, Mead at Columbia University during the doctoral degree to American Samoa for the field investigation, interviewed 68 young women and young people identified as a result of Samoa sexual freedom enjoyed by enabling them to smoothly the transition from juvenile to adult, indicating that at least in terms of the behavior of the adolescent, the day after tomorrow and cultural factors inherent genetic factors than is even more important. Accordingly Mead wrote, “the people of Samoa Adulthood” One book, published in 1928, famous.
However, in 1983, a professor of anthropology at the Australian National University Writing a book is the negation of the main findings of Mead, Mead was interviewed because people are using fabricated stories of adventure tease her, Sa Samoa Youth are in fact sexual at a very conservative, and even then the respondents were a virgin.
A simple trick, let Meade suffered death at academic humiliation. It appears that may not have heard is true.
- the most random cheater
German anthropologists ancient indeed a lie.
At professional training by the United States, in 1973 at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Anthropology received a doctorate degree, after a professor of anthropology at Frankfurt University, and as director of the Institute of Anthropology on the University to become carbon-14 in Germany dating authority. However, the determination of the fossils he has finally be considered false, as to the identification of him, will be the “oldest” of the. Thus, it was suspected that he just want to give an age for the fossil.
In 2001, the University of Greifswald Thomas archaeologists put the museum in Germany around the late Paleolithic age of ancient human fossils found after the re-determination, much of the actual age of fossils than previously measured much younger age, and even some errors to the point of absurdity. The most outrageous is the “Paderborn – people scattered Tesco”, but died about the year 1750.
It turned out that the use of carbon-14 will not dating apparatus, had fabricated data has done its job, and he was able to fabricate one “oldest” age of the fossils to meet the German national sentiment. Determination of all actual age of the fossils than the much younger, he said.
It appears that light has advanced equipment and scientific discovery should not have, probably because instruments “useless.
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